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Brining olives is the oldest way to cure olives, especially green ones. What follows are instructions and troubleshooting on how to cure olives with a brine. There are other ways I’ll get to below.
This post assumes you have access to fresh, green olives off the tree, which are pretty but inedible — they are impossibly astringent. Olive trees can be found all over California, in many parts of Arizona, as well as Australia and, obviously, the Mediterranean, where they are native.
You can buy fresh olives online, and over the years I have provided links, but these companies seem to come and go quickly, so I don’t do that anymore. Just Google “buy fresh olives” around September here in the United States, and I think March in Australia.
The timing is important because you want fresh green olives. And yes, like peppers, all olives start green and ripen to another color, usually black in the case of olives.
Green, unripe olives are firmer and way more astringent than ripe ones. Brining olives when they are green is a great way to cure them, and green olives are the only olives suitable for what, admittedly, is my favorite cure, which a lye cured olive. That process, believe it or not, has been used for 2000 years, and is not as scary as it sounds.
You can brine ripe, black olives, too, just so you know.
My general rhythm is to cruise my local parks in late September or early October; they are full of olive trees, remnants of pre-suburbia orchards around here. On some crisp autumn Saturday, I go picking. Look for pretty olives, with few or no blemishes, and which are not wrinkled.
Tiny dots on an olive are OK, but many may be rotten with olive fly, whose larvae burrow into olives and leave a beige scar where they entered. that telltale scar means there is a visitor lurking within your olive.
Another hazard are the dry olives. Trees forced to live by their own wits — away from regularly watered grass — are stressed, and their olives shrivel early. Shriveled olives are usable, but they bruise rapidly and don’t make a clean green olive.
When you get home, separate your olives into small, medium and large olives — it doesn’t matter what variety they are, as I don’t know how to tell the difference. If you don’t have enough large ones to make its own batch, mix them with the mediums.
Unless I am doing the lye cure, brining olives is my preferred method, as it is low-maintenance and results in a super-tangy, salty olive that keeps for more than a year and cries out for beer or ouzo. And I like ouzo. A lot.
Brine-curing is easy, but takes a long time. You make a brine of 1/4 cup kosher salt (I use Diamond Crystal) to 4 cups water, plus 1/2 cup of vinegar: white wine, cider or simple white vinegar. Submerge the olives in this brine and top with cheesecloth or something else to keep them underwater. Do not cut them.
Cover the top of the container loosely (I use large, 1 gallon glass jars
) and put the jar in a dark, cool place. That’s it. Check it from time to time — meaning every week or so at first. The brine should darken, and you might get a scum on the top. That’s OK.
What’s going on is that your olives are fermenting; it is the fermentation that breaks down the oleuropein over time. The what? Yeah, oleuropein is the astringent substance in an unripe olive. It needs to go if you are going to eat one. Fermentation is why I never wash my olives before curing — I want those natural yeasts on the outside of the olive to do their magic.
I change my brine every month or two, when it begins to look extra nasty. I don’t re-rinse the olives, during changes, either, because I want the residue to act as a “starter” to get the next batch of brine going.
Keep in mind you will be in for the long haul: Olives picked in October are typically ready to eat in May or June. It’s a lot like making wine.
Add seasonings after the New Year, or even later, otherwise you risk too much spice and not enough olive flavor; this is especially true of chiles. If you find you’ve gone too far, change the brine and don’t add new seasonings, and let it steep for a few weeks. That should calm things down a bit.
Once the olives are finished, there is a certain show-off factor when you pull out a plate of olives you cured yourself. “These are your olives? Wow.” Plus, you can flavor them any way you like, which is a bonus.
If you’re too late for green olives, I really like salt cured black olives, which we all call oil-cured olives since that’s how they are stored. If you want to cure black olives, my method is to oil-cure olives.
Brine Cured Green Olives
Ingredients
- 4 pounds fresh green olives
- 1 cup kosher salt
- 1 gallon water
- 1 cup distilled vinegar
Instructions
- Assuming you've already checked your olives for worm scars (see headnotes), discard any with too many blemishes. Place the olives in a stoneware crock or large glass jar with a lid carefully. Fresh olives actually do bruise easily.
- Mix the vinegar, salt and water together. No need to boil, as it will dissolve at room temperature. Pour this over the olives, making sure they are submerged by at least 2 inches. Add more brine in the same ratio if need be.
- Chances are the olives will float. You need to keep them away from air, so I put a plate over them that is just about the size of the jar or crock. You can also use a plastic bag filled with water to keep the olives away from air. Once the olives are submerged, cover the jar or lid (lightly screw on the top if there is one) and place the container in a cool, dark place. A basement is ideal. You don't want them to ever get beyond 75°F if you can help it, because at higher temperatures the olives can go soft. Since this is a wintertime cure, it should not be a problem. Low temperatures are fine, just don't let them freeze. Let them sit for several months.
- As time passes, you will see a scum of mold and weirdness form on the top. This is normal. Skim it off once a week and you'll be fine. At some point the brine itself will get pretty icky. I like to change the brine every month or so, but this is not strictly needed. The olives are done when they are no longer bitter, anywhere from 2 to 4 months.
- Only now do you add other seasonings, like chile peppers, black peppercorns, herbs or citrus peel. Do this in a fresh brine, and let this new, flavorful brine sit 2 weeks before serving. Store the olives in this brine, in a cool place or refrigerator, for up to 2 years. I keep them in quart Mason jars.
Notes
Flavor Additions
- dried chiles
- bay leaves or similar aromatic leaves like citrus leaves
- thyme, sage, oregano, rosemary
- allspice, black peppercorns, juniper berries
- smashed garlic cloves
Nutrition
Nutrition information is automatically calculated, so should only be used as an approximation.
I planted a couple of olive trees a few years ago. My first “harvest” was about 2 dozen olives. I scaled down your recipe and had them in a small jar for a few months in the bottom of the pantry and they turned out fine. My second harvest was a couple hundred olives. Still not enough in my opinion to worry about sorting into sizes. Again, I scaled down your recipe and they were in two large jars in the bottom of the pantry. I let them go longer and it was about 11 months when I brought them out and redid the brine. I hadn’t had any weird mould in either batch. The second harvest, I sorted when they were ready and made up a few small jars of same sized, same coloured olives and the other randoms and brown-tinged ones went into a separate jar. I submitted one of my nice jars to the local agricultural show and won first prize. It truly is an excellent way to cure olives. Thank-you.
Hank, I’m about 5 or 6 weeks into the process for green olives.
i saw where you’re supposed to change your brine after about a month because it getting slimy.
Mine doesn’t look.particularly slimy and it just smells like olives.
should i change the brine anyway? or leave it longer?
you said you change about once a week as they mature. is that a hard and fast rule?
sorry, my first batch so I’m clueless. ?
keria
Keria: Nope, it’s not a hard and fast rule. Only change if the brine looks weird.
thanks. still looking good
do you have a mushroom blog/question section.
i think i found a group of parasol mushroons but i need help verifying
Would anyone know a method to preserve the olives we pick them at our house? We have several trees and it will take a couple of weekends to get them picked over. We’d like to just pick and store them on one weekend, perhaps in the fridge, then come back the next weekend after we have everything picked and start the wash process, thoughts? So would holding them over in the fridge 7-9 days be OK. Should we put them in buckets of water then put them into the fridge?
got a question. bought green olives. did the process. second week check today some are darkening.. like turning color as if they are ripening.
are they aging or are they going bad?
Keria: They should darken to an olive green. Some will get a little brownish.
Thank you Hank, thought I ruined them. it’s my first attempt at olives
i have them in a glass jar, would it be better to transfer to a crock?
Keria: Either is fine. I do crocks for larger batches, quart jars for smaller.
I did not cut my olives and brined them. Now they are VERY SALTY, so salty it takes away from the flavor.- is that normal and if so how do I get some of the saltiness out?
thank you…
in cooking if you add too mch salt you out in a chunk of potato to pull.up the salt..
i don’t know if that works for brined olives but you could take a small bit of then and try it.
Interesting your process vs mine. My olives get ripe like end of May or early June here in AZ not September and I cure only using water and kosher salt. 1 cup to 10 cups water. it takes a year or longer. Yes, they get slimy at first. I also always rinse them well when I change the solution. When they are done, they all go in mason jars. I have three finish cure recipes I use. Just salt water and vinegar and a spicy blend and a garlic blend. My kids and some others can’t wait to get them. We all have our own processes. Makes things interesting. Thanks for the article!
wow it’s interesting I make a brine and soles in water green olives green chillies peeled garlics and curry leaves. it’s fantastic to taste.
I re-read the whole story. Found the info on brining black olives.
Yet another lesson in slowing down.
Meanwhile, I made a handy discovery: Those 6oz Pyrex custard cups that come 4 to a set are the perfect size to hold down the olives in the large 1 gallon glass jars.
https://www.pyrexhome.com/product/4-piece-6-ounce-custard-cup-set
Thanks again,
Maggie
Hi, I smoked two bottles of Green olives for my daughter, only problem I got I through away the juice. How do I go about making new juice to go back on the olives.
Thanks! Next question. You mention oil curing black olives. Does this brining recipe not work for black olives then?
Thanks for this great recipe! One question: How long can the brined olives last if they’re property stored?
Maggie: More than a year.
Great post, Hank. Thank you. I just picked and set in the brine today. I’m in inland San Diego, supposedly a golden zone for olive trees. I couldn’t look at those beautiful olives just wither on the trees one more year without doing something.
I have cured my olives several times. Using the lye method. Can you send me your recipe? I have moved to Texas and some things have been lost. If not I will use your water method, but prefer the other.
They have always turned out great. I know some people think they are poison so I don’t tell them how I did it. ??? never had anyone get sick eating them and they do eat them!!!
Thank you,
Karen
My olives were exposed to air during brining. The top ones are black. Are they ok?
Patricia: They are, but they will be softer and uglier. I toss them.
Thanks for your very valuable advice regarding olives!
I am on the hunt for Kalamata olives to cure at home! Any advice Hank?
Hi, what happens if I already cut my green olives? Another recipe said to do this. However, I like your recipe better…
You can’t really do the brine method with cut olives. You can do the method where you change the water every day though. That cill cure them faster.
Hi Hank, this article has been incredibly helpful. One quick question: have you ever canned the olives (in jars with the fresh brine and flavorings) so they can be stored at room temperature anywhere (not just in a cool place or the refrigerator)? Thanks!
I made these last year and they came out fabulous. we have had a tree 20 years and it was the first time we had tried and it was super easy and so delicious. Figured I had to comment as I came to find it a year on to use the same recipe again:)
Hi Hank
I have to massive olives tree ready to pick I live in NZ.
There ready to pick but only problem is that I’m going on vacation for 3 and a half weeks.
my question is can I do the first part in a food grade bin and leave them for when I come back?
Karen: You should be able to do that.