Sea Beans, Salicornia, Samphire, Pickleweed
July 15, 2011 | Updated October 28, 2020
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Salicornia maritima, or sea beans, and I go way back.
Way, way back, all the way to my childhood in the 1970s. We first met when I was probably six or seven years old, when my family and I dug clams in Great Salt Pond on Block Island, a little island off the coast of Rhode Island. Hard shell clams, the quahogs, lived in the sandy shore off the beach. But soft shell clams, the steamers, lived closer to shore, where there was a little more mud.
An especially good place for steamers was right where a little spring emptied into the bay. And stretched out alongside the runoff of that spring was a gigantic bed of what my family called saltwort. I remember munching on the tips of this plant as a boy, and loving the salty, crunchy brininess they had. It was like eating low tide — if low tide didn’t stink of rotting seaweed, fish and crabs.
Years later, on my honeymoon (yes, I was married for a time), I found that patch again; I was happy to see it had survived for so long. I introduced my then-wife to saltwort, and I remember her liking them. I did the same with Holly when I finally got a chance to take her to Block Island. Holly likes saltwort, too.
It was only when I began writing about foraging that I discovered our family’s name for this saltwort plant was fairly unusual. I also learned that this is a vegetable of a thousand names: sea beans, pickleweed, sea asparagus, samphire, glasswort, chicken feet, etc, etc. Probably its best name is salicornia, as all the various species of this salt-lover are in the genus Salicornia.
Its many names are partly an outgrowth of this plant’s universality. It will grow in protected salt marshes wherever they are found, on all continents except Antarctica. Most people think of salicornia as a seaside thing, and, yes, it is most common at the shore.
But species of this plant grow widely in the alkali marshes of Utah and the rest of the Great Basin, near salty springs in upstate New York, and in the alkali marshes in Manitoba.
Once you spot salicornia, you will never forget it, or mistake it for anything else. It doesn’t look like it ought to be eaten. The plant looks (and is) prehistoric: no leaves, just a sprawling, succulent series of many-jointed fingers reaching for sunlight while their feet are bathed in sand and salt water.
Oddly, however, sea beans would rather be in your garden, or at least its close cousin the Salsola genus would. You can buy seeds for it, and I grew it one year. The plant loses a lot of its salty tang in sweet soil, but it grows much larger and fuller than it does in the salt marsh. Apparently salicornia has staked out terrain otherwise inhospitable to other plants as its favored growing spot. Why it cannot compete with other plants in nicer neighborhoods is a mystery.
Many of you already know about sea beans, which is the newest, trendiest name for salicornia; by most accounts, the “sea bean” moniker is an outgrowth of the restaurant trade. Salicornia is in no way a bean, but it does have that nice snap like a good green bean. You can buy it in many farmer’s markets along the coasts and in major cities.
Raw, salicornia is crunchy and very salty. (I even make an herby, natural salt from dried, powdered sea beans) It can be tough to properly clean the little stalks though, so I blanch the plant in boiling water for 30 to 90 seconds, then shock it in a bowl of ice water. Once you have your blanched sea beans, all you really need to do is dress them with your best olive oil and add a little lemon juice, balsamic vinegar or other acidic component, plus a few grinds of black pepper.
Salads are where this vegetable shines, but I’ve also seen them chopped and added to potato salad, stir-fried Chinese style and sauteed and served as a bed for fish or shellfish. It is also ideal for pickling, so much so that pickleweed is another name for salicornia. Incidentally, (I have a recipe for pickled sea beans in my first book, Hunt, Gather, Cook.)
Do not cook salicornia for more than a few minutes, or it will get flabby, and the crunch (as well as the salty hit) is really what this vegetable is all about.
Look for saltwort between March and September, and pick only the top few inches of the little plant, which can get bushy over the years. Try to avoid the reddish stalks, as they are often tough. You want the parts that are the most tender: The bottoms of the plant get woody, and a little silica thread grows up the center of the stalk over time that strengthens the plant, but acts like dental floss if you eat it. Try not to walk right through a bed of salicornia, as you will break it with your footsteps. Forage around the edges.
Once you collect your sea beans, put them in a plastic bag in the fridge with a damp paper towel around them. They will last more than a week that way. Once blanched, they freeze well, too.
Sea Bean Salad
Ingredients
- 1 pound sea beans
- 1 large garlic clove, minced
- 3 tablespoons olive oil, use high quality oil here
- 1/2 teaspoon red pepper flakes, or to taste
- Black pepper to taste
- 1/4 cup crumbled feta or Mexican cotija cheese
- Lemon or lime juice to taste
Instructions
- Bring a large pot of water to a boil and cook the sea beans for 1 minute. Transfer them to a bowl of ice water to cool. Let them rest a few minutes. Lay out a tea towel or other cloth towel. Pick through the sea beans to remove any stray bits of seaweed, and to remove any discolored bits or woody bottoms. Use only the top 2-5 inches of the plant. Lay the cleaned sea beans on the towel to dry.
- Pat the sea beans dry and toss with everything but the lemon juice. Add lemon juice until the salad is as tangy as you like it. Serve cold or at room temperature. This will keep in the fridge for a couple days.
Nutrition information is automatically calculated, so should only be used as an approximation.
Loved the information here . Thank you ! Hank wanted to know what’s the Latin name of pencil plant , that someone mentioned it looks similar . It does look similar but it has a white substance that oozes out when broken. It’s called euphorbia tirucalli . It grows wild as an invasive here in Hawaii . Everyone here that’s local knows it’s poisonous.
I recently found them at Whole Foods and tried grilling them….Amazing! I usually just add them to salads, tacos, or just nibble on them
I live on Long Island and I’m trying to find out if they grow wild anywhere near me. Any leads would be appreciated!
What is the difference between Salicornia maritima and Salsola komarovii ? Johnny’s Seeds sells herb seeds which they call Saltwort, but it has a completely different Latin nomenclature…
Thanks
Elyse: Different plants that live in different places, but work very similarly in the kitchen. Common names can get everyone all confused.
does the California coast line have edible plants?
I want to know that too. There is a marsh on the Naval Base at Pt. Mugu, but good luck getting in there. I think there is a marsh in Santa Barbara. Have you had any luck finding the seeds? Or even the plants for that matter? Who sells seeds for sea beans? The real sea bean, not the cousin. I think it might grow well in the sandy California soil if kept in marshy conditions. I would like one seed to try it out! Anyone?
brilliant article on PICKLEWEED. i know it well as i lived on the edge of the Petaluma River (Black Point, Novato). I even adopted the moniker of Madame Pickleweed, who gave tea leaf readings, divinations by random selection of scrabble tiles, and oversee-er of the Salon de tae. My culinary Externship was at Julia’s Kitchen (a fine dining restaurant), part of COPIA in Napa, California. The chef used tiny pieces of lightly steamed pickleweed as a garnish around a wonderful crabmeat salad, that was floating in a pool of tomato water (let me know if you want clarification on what tomato water is).
Thanks for the post Hank! Pickling the sea beans sounds delicious. Do you find that sometimes they can be overbearingly salty if you just do a quick blanche?
Kim: No, because I blanch them in fresh water, not salty water like you normally would.
Hank: Yes, Salicornia taxonomy is a deep dive. The names have changed several times over the past couple decades and the genus also recently even switched families because Chenopodiaceae was found to arise from within Amaranthaceae. One paper calls Salicornia a “taxonomic nightmare come true.” (Kadereit et al. 2007). I’m a Master’s student in Syracuse trying to reintroduce S. depressa to a constructed inland salt marsh so I’ve been wading through this stuff haha.
Phyllis,
If your Salicornia is perennial, then it is most likely Salicornia ambigua. Salicornia maritima and all other species in the US are annuals. Just thought you might like to know 🙂
Jim
Jim: That is fascinating! I had to look up S. maritima and yes, it’s an annual. Every other salicornia I’ve ever picked has been a very woody perennial. Where I live, it’s S. pacifica.
This is my favorite vegetables I wish I could get them in NY.
Misfits Market sells sea beans
Is this the same plant shown on Bizarre foods/Lewis& Clark espisode. They also called it sea bean. If it is does this plant have little yellow flowers. I so hope so. My grandmother had this plant for years passed to my mother then me but we never could find the name.plant is over 55 yrs old and I’m older than that. Can’t wait for your answer.
Phillyis: Yep, this is the same plant.
Would love to forage some and live in the Boston area. Any leads surrounding areas to look around?
Maria: Nope, sorry. Not from there.
I’m looking for salicorna seed online, but all I can find is salsola. Salicorna is available for sale through European vendors, but I would like to order within the United States. Any suggestions?
Collecting seed is not much of an issue, but I don’t know of any salt marshes near my midwestern home…
Sd969 Salicornia europaea L. , Samphire, Marsh (Web Only) £2.75 1 £2.75
Just ordered seeds from sales@pennardplants.com
We have something that looks VERY similar here in the marshes of coastal south Texas. It is just like a small leafless Christmas tree, sticking almost straight up out of the shallow water around the marsh, or on dry land near it. Short, so I may try it a few of the tops. I would love to have a local source for this. Has anyone else seen it here? Corpus Christi, Rockoport, etc.?
Kathryn: It’s either this plant or sea blite, more about which can be read here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suaeda
Watch out for the pencil plant that looks similar. It is highly poisonous.
Vir: I am not sure what plant you are talking about. Can you give me the Latin name?