NOMA: Time and Place and Meaning

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spring pheasant with mushooms in a bowl
Photo by Holly A. Heyser

The deeper I delved into the pages of Noma: Time and Place in Nordic Cuisine, the more depressed I became. Every page screamed at me: You can’t cook from this book — and what’s more, you’re not supposed to. I picked the book up and set it down a dozen times. Then, at some point — I cannot say precisely when — the revelation struck me like a boot to the head: Oh yes you can! And what’s more, you must.

Noma, the cookbook from the renowned Danish restaurant of the same name,  is an enigma, as unapproachable as its granite cover. The book itself is as beautiful as are the people and the landscapes of Scandinavia, yet, like them both, is slightly cold, or maybe aloof. One look at the book, and at the food within, and you know you are not looking at anything remotely Mediterranean. Noma’s food is simultaneously enticing and forbidding.

Noma Chef Rene Redzepi’s intricate plating and flawless, modernist technique call to me. But his intensely local cuisine is frustratingly impregnable. Each time I decided to attempt one of his dishes, I kept stopping short when it came to the ingredients. Apple balsamic vinegar. Rowan shoots. White currant twigs. Birch syrup.

Mind you, you are hearing this from a guy who doesn’t blink when faced with many of Noma’s other odd ingredients. Spruce tips? No problem. Musk ox loin? Not too different from venison. Wild wood sorrel? Easy-peasy. Dulse? OK, so that one I may have to drive to the Pacific to obtain, but I can get it.

At first I paged through Noma like an old Playboy — for the pictures. Redzepi’s plating is some of the most beautiful I have ever seen in my life. Thoughtful. Balanced. Achingly aware of color, and texture, and temperature.

And the flowers! I have always hesitated to use edible flowers in my cooking because I remember the Great Flower Explosion of the 1980s. Flower salads. Flowers everywhere. Blech. Who the hell wants a giant orchid sitting next to your chicken breast? But I tell you folks, if you have this book, look at the dish on page 146. I couldn’t stop staring at it. It is terrifying to imagine the thought that went into that plate. It is as unearthly as Lady Galadriel.

After I absorbed the images, I began to pore over the recipes themselves. They require the same courage and skill it takes to navigate a longboat from Denmark to Greenland. If you do not know the fundamentals of modernist cuisine, as well as advanced techniques in regular kitchen cookery, you will become bogged down in a morass of instant food thickeners and lost in a thicket of vacuum bags. Mercifully, I possess at least rudimentary competency with this sort of stuff.

But always it came back to those ingredients. A few, like Redzepi’s grilled lamb shank with ramp leaves, golden beets and elderflowers, I can replicate — and plan to, once the elders around here bloom in six weeks or so. But most of his dishes can only be made where he lives, in Scandinavia.

That, in and of itself, is a towering achievement. Any halfwit can be fresh-local-seasonal here in Northern California, which is a fair approximation of the Garden of Eden. Something wonderful is always growing here, and in winter this place looks as green as Ireland. But to do seasonal-local in Denmark, now that requires a river of ingenuity and some deep meditation on your menus. Most importantly, it also requires a commitment to stretching your regional boundaries of what is and is not “food.”

It is this last point that led to my epiphany.

You read Noma not to learn how to make Danish modernist food — even though Redzepi’s restaurant has been called the best in the world. No, you read Noma to learn how to make food that is only possible to make where you are right now, in the moment, and in the place. Let me say that again: The lesson Redzepi is teaching us is to make beautiful food that is only possible where you are right now — in the moment, and in the place.

Such a dish made in Copenhagen on a sunny afternoon in April should be impossible to make on that same day in Cairo, just as it should be impossible in Copenhagen a month later. Or maybe even a week.

That is Redzepi’s challenge, his thrown-down gauntlet. It is a gauntlet I intend to pick up.

So I sat down with my notebook on an early March morning and thought. What, exactly, would a dish look like that spoke of Northern California at the dawn of spring? It starts with ingredients: Black trumpet mushrooms, hedgehog mushrooms, stinging nettles, wild lettuces and radishes and mustard, miner’s lettuce. For protein, I could use meats from my freezer or mussels from the seaside, but I chose instead to use some fresh pheasant breast from a bird I’d shot at a preserve a few days before.

Ingredients chosen, the question then becomes how to present them. To me, all great dishes must have a variety of colors, textures, temperatures and flavors. Crispy with smooth, sweet with savory, base colors brightened with the vibrant greens and yellows and lavenders that speak spring to us. This is what I came up with:

spring pheasant with mushooms close up
Photo by Holly A. Heyser

I call the dish “Spring Pheasant with Mushrooms.” It’s how I expressed Northern California’s spring awakening. Others might interpret this time and place in an entirely different way — and so might I, if I had to do this again.

The pheasant breast was cooked sous vide with smoked salt and pheasant broth for 45 minutes at 148 degrees. I sliced the skin of the pheasant into slivers and crisped it in some more pheasant fat. It is served over stinging nettle spaetzle tossed with lemon, alongside fresh black trumpet mushrooms sauteed in pheasant fat as well as a slice of a giant hedgehog mushroom grilled with fleur de sel. Wild radish and lettuce flowers garnish.

The dish was everything I wanted it to be. Varied, vibrant and pretty. Everything tasted of itself, but each element worked well with its neighbor. Black trumpets are among the most savory of our mushrooms, and actually anchored the dish more than the pheasant. The pheasant itself was good, although I probably should have dropped the temperature a bit. The crispy skin was essential, and the smoky grilling on the hedgehogs, which taste light and floral, tied that mushroom in with the rest of the plate. Grounding everything was the vivid green of the nettle spaetzle, brightened up with some Meyer lemon juice and zest.

It is as close to a perfect dish as I have yet achieved. And I have Noma, and Chef Redzepi, to thank for that. They have opened a path I can follow to make truly unique food that takes advantage of whatever local ingredients are on hand where I am, both wild and domestic. And not just here in NorCal’s Garden of Eden. This can be done anywhere, at any moment. I will be traveling a lot this year, and will be putting this to the test. There will be more such dishes, I assure you.

Spring Pheasant with Wild Mushrooms

This is not a quick and easy dish, but nor is it impossible. Replicating it exactly could be tricky, but I provide substitutions below for some hard-to-find ingredients. The balance of flavors here is important, as are the cooking techniques. Make this dish when you are not rushed, and you will be fine. But there are a lot of little details you need to follow to pull it off.

Serves 4

For the Pheasant

  • Breasts from 2 pheasants, skin on
  • 1 cup pheasant or chicken broth
  • 1 teaspoon smoked salt
  • 3 tablespoons pheasant or chicken fat, or butter, divided

For the Mushrooms

  • 1 pound fresh black trumpet mushrooms (substitute shiitake)
  • 1-2 large hedgehog mushrooms (substitute porcini)
  • 2 tablespoons shallot, minced
  • 3 tablespoons pheasant or chicken fat, or butter, divided
  • 2 teaspoons Chinese black vinegar (substitute cider vinegar)

To Complete:

  • 1 recipe, nettle spaetzle
  • 1 tablespoon pheasant or chicken fat, or butter
  • Zest and juice of a lemon
  • Black pepper to taste
  • Wild radish, lettuce or mustard flowers

 

  1. Remove the skins from the pheasant breasts and set aside. Trim the meat into roughly rectangular pieces and sprinkle with smoked salt. Seal the pheasant pieces with the broth in vacuum-sealed bags and cook sous vide at 142 degrees for 20 minutes to 1 hour. If you have neither a vacuum sealer nor a sous vide machine, increase the amount of broth to 1 quart and bring it to a boil in a heavy pot that will just about fit the pheasant pieces within. Turn off the heat, drop the pheasant in the broth, cover the pot and set aside. It will cook gently in the cooling broth. 
  2. Slice the pheasant skin into thin strips and fry in 1 tablespoon pheasant fat until crispy. Sprinkle smoked salt on them as soon as they are out of the pan. Set aside on a paper towel to drain.
  3. Clean and roughly chop the black trumpet mushrooms. Carefully slice the hedgehog mushroom into 1/4 inch wide slices; you want to see the shape of the mushroom in these slices. Use trimmings for another dish.
  4. Put the black trumpet mushrooms in a large saute pan and dry-cook them over high heat, shaking the pan often, until they lose their water. Add the shallot, a little salt, and 2 tablespoons pheasant fat and saute until the shallot just begins to brown. Turn off the heat and toss in the black vinegar.
  5. Paint the hedgehog mushrooms with some melted pheasant fat and sprinkle with salt. Grill over high heat for 2-4 minutes per side. You want grill marks.
  6. Heat 1 tablespoon of pheasant fat in a large non-stick pan and add the pre-cooked spaetzle. Toss to combine and cook over high heat, stirring often, just until the spaetzle have warmed, about 2 minutes. Turn off the heat and toss in black pepper as well as the lemon zest and about 1 tablespoon of juice.
  7. To complete the dish, lay down some spaetzle, then some black trumpet mushrooms. Remove the pheasant breast from the broth and pat dry, then coat with some melted pheasant fat. Lay the meat on the plate and sprinkle some smoked salt on it. Lay down a slice of grilled hedgehog mushroom, then arrange the crispy pheasant skin slices on the plate. Garnish with the wild flowers.

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About Hank Shaw

Hey there. Welcome to Hunter Angler Gardener Cook, the internet’s largest source of recipes and know-how for wild foods. I am a chef, author, and yes, hunter, angler, gardener, forager and cook. Follow me on Instagram and on Facebook.

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23 Comments

  1. Being a NorCal native, I totally agree with your point about it being like the garden of Eden. I live in Phoenix now and had a hard time adjusting to the huge contrast, but the plant life here is truly incredible, if not lush. Reading your post though, I realize I don’t know as much about eating wild foods here as I’d like, and am totally unsure what an edible snapshot of this moment would look like. We’re not quite to saguaro fruit or mesquite pods yet. Any field guides you might recommend? I’d love to know more.

  2. I think I caught some reference to “apple balsamic” on a PBS episode a few weeks back – would “barrel aged apple cider vinegar” be more accurate? While there are no real legal issues since balsamic doesn’t really mean anything anymore – (white vinegar w/ caramel color and sugar can be sold as balsamic – truly sad)…anyway just a ?

  3. Very nice Hank.
    Your recipes always show me that there is sooo much more that can be done with our local ingredients.
    Never thought about grilling those big hedgies. They can be delicate but oh so good. I like them better than porcini as well, but because they have no worms, ha ha.
    Eric will get a kick out of your post. A champion mushroom hunter compared to most but there is so much more to learn.
    Next up is the Lingcod and Abalone opener April 1st.

  4. Hank,
    I don’t know where you would find Birch Syrup in California, but I would be happy to send you some from Alaska. Just e-mail me your address and I’ll send some your way. arcticgardenstudio AT gmail dot com
    -Nicole

  5. i have struggled with this exact question, especially living somewhere like los angeles where the challenges to defining “local” and “authentic are manifold. I am actually in Pasadena which simplifies the question a little bit with our proximity to the san gabriel mountains, but for LA, it’s tough. there is almost literally no natural features remaining, so it is hard to cue off of the natural cycles, there is only ~100 years of agricultural history to work from and most of that was orchards of citrus, and then prior to that was a native american culture that is obliterated. The closest thing that makes sense is the ocean, but with the exception of some unique runs of sand dabs and spiny lobsters, it is a relatively generic thing as well, again, having obliterated pismo clams and abalone…

    uggh, this sounds so negative and complaining, which wasn’t my intent, but LA is a tough place for a locavore who wants to make sense of it all.

  6. I think you’ve hit on an important idea. We’re always being sold cookbooks that are “authentic,” but it seems to me that authenticity is just what people did in a particular time, in a particular place, with what they had at the time. “Authentic” cuisines are what happened to develop before the twin miracles of air travel and refrigeration transformed the way we eat.

    That’s why I think it’s a little silly to recreate someone else’s authentic in a different place, at a different. But to take the ideas behind someone else’s authentic, apply them to your place your time, now that’s a beautiful thing.

  7. Well this certainly makes me want to pick up the book. The seasonl/local eating challenge here in late winter/early spring has me digging for ideas. A book based in Denmark would help me more than most – 3-4′ of snow this year putting the vast majority of edibles in the non-fresh category. Can’t wait to read the book.

  8. Hank, this is a great post! I’d heard an interview with Noma’s head chef-guy on NPR, and the interviewer sounded very out-of-touch with even the concept of local & wild. He did a wonderful job of explaining the concepts, and I was very impressed with his desire to connect with place. She couldn’t, and perhaps she needs to go on a hunt (game, mushroom, whatever) with you as part of your tour.

  9. Nicole: I have never worked with birch syrup and would love to! How would I get some in California?

    Thanks, Susan! Most flowers from our vegetables are edible. They taste of themselves, so a cabbage flower tastes like cabbage, a mustard flower like mustard, etc.

    Deanna: Me, too! Only a month or so before our elderflowers start popping…

    Well said, Chuck!

    Alex: Jealous! If I ever get to Denmark, I will be making a pilgrimmage to Noma, you can be sure of that.

    Jamie: There is a lot to be found in Minnesota, all year long. I used to live in St. Paul, and would travel the state looking for things. I hear the smelt are running there right now….

    E Nassar: I may go out collecting some cattail shoots today, actually. They are, more or less, the same as bulrushes.

  10. Yes! That’s what NOMA, the book, is about – inspiration to think of “Local” differently. It is so tough to put it down once you start flipping through it. What a gorgeous plate of food you made from it Hank. Since reading NOMA I cannot help but look at every wild plant in my corner of the world a little differently and wonder what can be done with it. I am planning on collecting some bulrushes as soon as they are available to give them a shot.
    So far I tried one recipe that’s as close to a NOMA replica as possible: https://ovendriedtomatoes.com/2011/03/08/noma-vegetable-garden/
    I also made my own (if less attractive than yours) “inspired-by” recipe: https://ovendriedtomatoes.com/2011/01/23/barley-miso-porridge-soft-cheese-vegetables/

  11. what a lovely and poetic meditation on NOMA. they were recently disappointed not to get their 3rd michelin star. 🙁 there was also recently a marvelous documentary on søren wiuff, an organic farmer who supplies many of the vegetables to NOMA – absolutely fascinating and very touching as well (it was broadcast on Danish DR2 and you might be able to find it). they, and a number of other Danish chefs (Claus Meyer for one) have made great strides towards getting people, even people who wouldn’t be able to get a table, to think about seasonal eating.

  12. That is easily the most inspired and romantic posts I have read from you. I will be taking your challenge and finding something in the moment to cook here in minnesota.

  13. I had the chance to have lunch at Noma last year in early February. It had just been snowing, and I walked about a third of a mile through the snow to get to the restaurant from the metro station. It was a bit windy out, and cold, and you walk inside to this restaurant that seems just incredibly tranquil. You’re then served a meal that really makes you question the season itself. Not because anything you’re eating is not seasonal, but because it doesn’t evoke the characteristics of winter food to me at least. Pickling played a major role in this I think. One of the most amazing courses, was ribbons of pickled root vegetables with little pieces of bone marrow. [Page 149 in the bible. :)] There was just a crispness, and a freshness to everything, that now makes me angry when people spout the stereotype of what Scandinavian food is. Foraging plays a much greater role in this cuisine than many others I’ve eaten, or at least that fact is more evident.

    I think you’ve done a really amazing job of expressing my own thoughts about this cookbook and this restaurant, it’s not just food that can be prepared in this time and place, but it’s food that you _want_ to eat in this time and place.

  14. glad to see someone getting it – as it’s clear many are just copying style over substance – as evidenced by the many noma-style platings out there & the “inappropriate book for your area” comment above. unfortunately, it’s being treated a a coffe table book instead of a source of inspiration. a meal at noma is magical not b/c it’s good (although it’s very very good) but b/c it expands the palette of ingredients substantially.

  15. Brilliant insight, Hank… but then you would be the person to have it as you live from the land and sea more than most anyone out there. Take the idea and make it yours.. that is what inspiration is about… not slavish copying.

    I am dying to try elderflower vinegar after reading about ‘Dutch sauce’ using it and cream instead of the lemon and butter in hollandaise…

    Beautiful dish and ideas.

  16. That is one gorgeous plate! I never thought to use those types of flowers. They are a beautiful, seasonal touch.

  17. I stopped in Omnivore Books last October looking for some Scandinavian cookbooks. I have taken a real interest in Scandinavian cooking since moving to the Arctic as our wild ingredients are very similar.
    The woman working in the shop that day handed me the NOMA book and I instantly fell in love when I found birch bark and syrup in the ingredients list. It was funny though because she said, “This book is totally inappropriate for anyone in this area, but it might work for you”. Good for you for making it work where you live.
    I have to admit though, even though I have access to many of the ingredients I have yet to cook anything from it. You may have inspired me.
    Oh, and if you ever need Birch syrup I would be happy to help you out. It is way cheaper than maple here.